Monetary Theory

Episode Synopsis

In lecture seven, we study the underlying causes of money growth and inflation, examining why central banks issue more money than is consistent with stable purchasing power. We delve into the concept of seigniorage—the profit from money creation—tracing its historical roots from medieval mints that debased coins to modern fiat money systems where governments can finance spending by printing currency. The lecture analyzes how governments facing fiscal pressures, particularly during crises, may resort to excessive money printing, potentially leading to hyperinflation, and discusses the growing U.S. debt-to-GDP ratio and its implications for future monetary policy and inflation risk.